• Archives

Archive for May, 2010

Research Findings about Outdoor Adventure Training for Corporate & Management Development

Sunday, May 23rd, 2010

Research Findings about Outdoor Adventure Training for Corporate & Management Development

     
 

Annotated list of studies

References

Annotated list of studies

This is an annotated list of research studies about corporate adventure training which are available on the web.  Feel free to suggest other studies.

  • The earliest available review of the effectiveness of outdoor managerial programs is by Chris Roland (1985).

  • During the 1990′s, Simon Priest conducted a series of studies testing different aspects of corporate adventure programs.  Much of Priest’s research measured outcomes using the Team Development Index.  Importantly, most studies involved a manipulation of program design variables, such as sequencing or facilitation technique.  Priest’s Corporate Adventure Training programs were mostly initiative and ropes challenge course based.

  • Two naturalistic doctoral theses from Lancaster University, England, have emphasized the powerful nature of outdoor management development experiences (Greenaway, 1995) and that participants’ experiences are characterized more by emotion than cognition (Donnison, 2000).  Both theses provide valuable overviews of the literature and qualitative insight into the phenomenon associated with actual programs in the UK.

  • In 1997, Hattie, Marsh, Neill and Richards published a large meta-analysis of the effects of adventure education and Outward Bound programs.  Six studies of the effects of management programs were included, one from the USA, and five from Outward Bound Australia (go to OBA research page).  Overall, 50 short-term effects were examine (i.e., approximately 8 effects were included from each study), and 32 long-term effects.  The main outcomes were those measured by the Life Effectiveness Questionnaire.  The short-term effect was a small to moderate positive effect size of .32, with an additional small group with an effect size of .08 during the follow-up period.  This suggests that these programs were moderately effective in their impacts on a broad range of personal and social development indicators.  These programs were mostly expedition-based, Outward Bound style.

  • A masters thesis from the University of New Hampshire, USA, has examined the bottom-line effectiveness of an experiential adventure program conducted through the Browne Center (Litterini, 2001).  There is very little other research on the question of bottom-line impact.  In fact, there is ethical debate (Hunt, 1990 – read an example ethical dilemma) about whether outdoor education should even have such goals without examining broader social and political issues.

  • Bill Krouwel (2003) wrote an article recently, reflecting on on the purposes and changes over time in the methods and styles of outdoor management development programs. (UK-oriented).

  • A good proportion of ropes challenge course research studies have been conducted on programs with corporate clients. (USA-oriented)

  • A few outdoor education programs and companies have produced reports about program effectiveness of their management programs (e.g., see the Outward Bound Australia Research Bibliography). (Australia/OB-oriented)

  • Also go to: Outdoor Training Books & Reviews and Outdoor Management Development Research Bibliography by Roger Greenaway.

References

Donnison, P. (2000).  Images of Outdoor Management Development: A synthesis of the literature and participants’ experiences on outdoor courses.  Unpublished doctoral thesis, Lancaster University, England.

Greenaway, R. (1995).  Powerful learning experiences in management learning and development. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Lancaster University, England.

Hattie, J. A., Marsh, H. W., Neill, J. T., & Richards, G. E. (1997). Adventure education and Outward Bound: Out-of-class experiences that make a lasting difference. Review of Educational Research, 67, 43-87.

Krouwel, B. (2003). From Lewin to lawnmower racing…Reflections on the current state of outdoor management developmentThe Institute of Training & Occupational Learning Journal.

Litterini, V. S. (2001).  An examination of perceived supervisory change to production rate, product rejection rate, and delivery efficiency. Unpublished Masters thesis, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH.  AbstractFull thesis (.4mb)

Miner, T. (2002). Research and adventure-based training and development bibliography (1992-2002).  Outward Bound International Conference, Singapore.

Priest, S. (n.d.) Corporate Adventure Training (CAT) program studies. eXperientia.

Roland, C. (1985). Outdoor managerial training programs: Do they work?  The Bradford Papers Online

Factors Which Influence the Effects of Outdoor Education Programs

Sunday, May 23rd, 2010

Factors Which Influence the Effects of Outdoor Education Programs

These factors seem to influence the process and outcomes of outdoor education programs:

  1. Individual differences – gender, age, personality, readiness for change, etc.
  2. Organizational philosophy & culture
  3. Experiential, concrete, consequential problem-solving tasks
  4. Dramatic activity in novel context
  5. Theory-based, principle-driven, customized program structure
  6. Carefully selected & trained leaders
  7. Facilitation techniques
  8. Group development, processes & dynamics
  9. Program for transferability, including significant others, exploring personal stories, & metaphoric thinking
  10. Length of program
  11. Environmental & logistical events
  12. Program modality

Related article: What works: Some practical implications from [educational psychology] research findings (Martyn Long, 2000) [The Psychology of Education]

Factors that matter

Outdoor education programs vary widely in philosophy, methods, and activities, so its difficult to synthesize the holy grail of the “key factors”.  Based on my  experience (several years instructing outdoor education programs and several years of teaching, reading and researching about outdoor education programs), I propose these following factors are the main determinants of the effectiveness of a program (also read about Theories of outdoor education):

Individual differences

Every individual is different, and the single, biggest determinant of a participants’ experience is generally the individual’s personal history (stored experiences) and the motivation, fitness, goals, readiness for change, etc. with which the individual enters the program.

Philosophically, this notion of the importance of the individual draws upon John Dewey’s principle of continuity which, along with the interaction with the situational circumstances (the program) ultimately determines the quality of an individual’s experience. 

In psychological terms, individual differences refers to psychological constructs which vary amongst people, e.g, personality factors such as introversion-extraversion, emotional stability-instability, etc., but also to many other factors, such as motivation, coping, self-efficacy, locus of control, and so on.  For more information see “Personality & Individual Differences: An online undergraduate psychology course”.

Five areas of individual differences which hold much promise for future investigation are:

  • Self-efficacy
  • Coping
  • Readiness for change
  • Resilience
  • Goal-setting

Traditionally, the focus on individual difference research in outdoor education has been on variables such as gender and age, and demographic factors.

Gender: There are no clear differences in overall or specific outcomes for males or females or single-sex or co-educational groups; even though gender is a ubiquitously quoted individual difference, it doesn’t seem to be a strong or clear determinant of empirically measured effects of outdoor education programs (e.g., see Hattie, et al, 1997; c. f., Neill, 1997).  For information, see “Gender: How does it effect the outdoor education experience?” (Neill, 1997) and “Gender and outdoor education

Age: Research tends to have found greater effects with adults rather than adolescents or children (e.g., Hattie, et al, 1997).  However, this could be because adult programs tend to operate with motivated volunteers, whereas youth programs more often involve an element of compulsion by parents or teachers.

For more related research articles, go to Participant Characteristics & Individual Differences in Outdoor Education.

To learn more about the psychology of individual differences, go to this online undergraduate psychology course.

Organizational Philosophy & Culture

The programs’ philosophy and culture give rise to everything else; staffing, program design, recruitment, communication with participants, etc.; program quality ultimately stems from the official and implicit reality and professionalism of the operating organization; Does the program have a strong philosophy focusing on development of the desired goals?  And does the program culture set up strong expectations of success in reaching the desired goals?.  It is  no secret that Outward Bound’s strong commitment to “hard-core, growth-oriented” philosophy has been the chief recipe for its success over the years.  Some interesting materials about how to build, change and alter organizational culture (and its importance for program quality in residential camping) has been written by Randall Grayson, VisionRealization. A healthy indicator of an effective program at an organizational level is that the program is actively engaged in program evaluation and publishes and disseminates its research findings. 

Experiential, concrete, consequential problem-solving tasks

Offer hands-on, concrete, learning-by-doing tasks with real-world constraints; allow freedom for participants to mistakes which have clear, natural (rather than arbitrary) ramifications (Priest & Gass, 1997, pp. 22-23)

Dramatic activity in novel context

Utilize unique, engaging context of wilderness and provide compelling, intense, challenging, adventurous activity which excites and keenly focuses the mind and body.  For more information, see the work of Andrew Martin on the use of dramaturgy, which uses principles of drama to create more holistic adventure-based programs.

Theory-based, principle-driven, customized, holistic program structure

Utilize well researched educational and psychological theory in program design.  On the one hand, customize program design to meet the unique needs of participants, on the other hand make clear use of good design principles such as:

  • Gradually increase the level of difficulty of activities: Often you may need to start at a more basic level, but likewise, you can often help people to much higher levels of skill.  Don’t be afraid to slow the program right down to help people grasp important concepts, but likewise, don’t be afraid to rapidly increase the challenge when participants are capable.
  • Attend to the rhythm and pattern in the program structure (e.g., see the Adventure Wave). Ensure overall flow of program is holistic by incorporating cognitive, affective (social or emotional), and physical learning activities.
  • Try to make use of all of the participants different senses through various experiences and activities – i.e., sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste.

Carefully selected & trained leaders

Select staff carefully (e.g., warmth is an important factor, as is authenticity, transparency, and intelligence).  Then enculturate recruits in compelling organizational philosophy and provide real incentives for their commitment, especially ongoing training to foster their personal and professional growth.

Facilitation techniques

Specific studies have been done testing different types of facilitator techniques and the findings do suggest that particular techniques are beneficial – see summary of eXperientia work by Simon Priest)

Program for transferability, including significant others, exploring personal stories, & metaphoric thinking

Teach skills and meta-skills which are directly applicable to everyday life; Look for ways of involving significant others to help communicate and socially reinforce the changes; Look for metaphoric structures that relate back to home life;

Length of program

Longer programs have been found to be more effective — certainly, 1 month  programs are significantly more effective than 1 week-long programs, which are in turn significantly more effective than 1-day programs.  At least that’s my conclusion from having read and researched outdoor outcomes and related program outcomes over the last 10 years.  For the citations, on this, go to the more indepth summaries and papers.  Some extra points to add:

  • Although the relationship between length of program and effect is significant and positive, it still only appears to be a relatively small effect.  Thus, length along is no guarantee for success, and is it is possible for a short program to effect substantial, lasting change.
  • The relationship between length of program and size of effect is likely to follow a decay curve – i.e., the benefits of going from one day to two days will be much larger than the benefits of going from six to seven days, which will be much larger than the benefits of going from 21 to 22 days.
  • There may be a weak relationship between length and effects because of grossness in assessing length.  Length at the lower ends can also be measured in number of hours of treatment, or number of hours of active treatment (do we count being asleep for example?).  Also, increasingly programs are moving towards intermittent treatment and it is difficult to clearly measure of establish the actual meaning of “length”.
  • The relationship may also be weak because instructors and participants have a gestalt tendency to treat any program as a whole program, regardless of the number of days.  To the extent that we are influenced by “hero myths” or “stage theories” of change, then we can appreciate that the entire cycle will be fitted by a good instructor into a program, regardless of the number of days.  There is always, for example, some apprehension felt by participants on the first day, and some relief felt on the last, whether that is later the same day or many weeks later.
  • All in all, it has become clear that the trend towards shorter outdoor education programs is in contrast with the effectiveness research. A silver lining of the drive towards shorter programming is that there has been significant new focus on developing more carefully planned activities, frontloading, facilitation, etc. in an attempt to elicit and facilitate development during a short time period.

Environmental & logistical events

Weather, gear, logistics, & back-up support.  These issues normally play little part in determining outcomes when they go according to plan, but it is also not uncommon for weather or other logistical events outside the group’s direct control to provide experiences which can prove:

  • hugely beneficial (e.g., group bonding arising from carrying someone on a stretcher for 12 hours through difficult conditions) or
  • particularly damaging (e.g., failure of safety equipment)

Program modality

There are no clear differences in outcomes between different program modalities (e.g., land-based vs. water-based.  Of course there will be exceptions — some participants are struck be a particular activity, but for most program participants, a similarly effective experience would have ensued in different type of program in a different location.

By James Neill
26 Apr 2007

9 Life Lessons from Rock Climbing in 6 minutes – Ted Talks Video

Tuesday, May 18th, 2010

This post is right up the Grand Dynamics’ alley.  Matthew Childs provides his perspective about life lessons gleened over his years as a rock climber.  Yet another Ted Talks great video. Enjoy! 

Fear and Challenge Free Telecon Tonight May 12, 8 PM EST

Wednesday, May 12th, 2010

Grand Dynamicshas been leading the charge in delivering adventure based training programs for 13 years.  A hallmark of GD programs involves challenging participants to move beyond what is comfortable, and often to break through fears.

Tonight at 8 PM EST I’ll be interviewing Scotty McGee, GDI Lead Facilitator and Exum Mountain Guide, about the most primal of all the human emotions: FEAR. 

Register now: Fear and Challenge:  The Grand Adventure Teleconference Series and get your dial in information. Can’t make it tonight? Register anyway and get access to a recording and key points later. Sweet!

Do you want to do something, but have fear blocking your path?   Would you like others to know how they can breakdown any fear?

As we live our lives stepping outside the comfort zone, moving through fear is a continuous process.  In my experience nothing highlights the SKILL of addressing fears and developing courage more than outdoor adventure, and in particular, rock-climbing. And as we focus on and develop these skills, we can apply the strategies in everyday life.  These principles are an integral part of our Grand Dynamics Team Building as well.  In our 13 years of facilitated adventures, Grand Dynamics has created a science of how to overcome fear and breakthrough to the next level.   

This is an integral part of one of our featured programs, The Grand Adventure – The ultimate leadership and team adventure program that culminates with climbing the Grand Teton August 19-22, 2010.  Tonight we’ll address any fears or questions about climbing a mountain – and in particular climbing the Grand Teton.  We’ll also share insights about frameworks and skills that allow any individual to move through moments of fears.

Let’s embrace our fears – and teach others this valuable skill set so that others important to you might benefit as well. Let’s eat fear for breakfast! 

Here’s the beta below. Register for the call Grand Adventure Teleconference Registration: Fear and Challengeand I will send you and overview of the program content and how you can get your specific questions answered.  If for any reason you CANNOT make the call tonight. Register anyway and I will follow up later and provide access to a recording of the call and summary of or most important points.

Wednesday, May 12th: 8 PM Eastern  with Scotty McGee

Grand Adventure Teleconference Registration: Fear and Challenge The answers to so many of our doubts and fears about climbing and mountaineering serve as some of the most powerful metaphors for life ‘in the valleys.’ When we overcome fears in the tangible realm of climbing, we can learn from and transform the salient points into real confidence and power in ‘real life.’ When we meet challenges and do things we thought impossible or improbable, we take away an ‘I can’ power that can help us overcome hurdles in our everyday existence, making molehills out of mountains, rather than vice versa.  Scotty Mcgee, an Exum Guide for 17 years and Grand Dynamics lead facilitator for 6 years, is an expert climbing guide, ski mountaineer and experiential learning facilitator.

I look forward to our call tonight.  And until then,  Live your adventure!

Tim Walther

Grand Dynamics

Grand Dynamics

PS:  NEXT WEEK I’ll be interviewing STU MITTLEMAN about Nutrition and Psychology.  The following week brings it all together with a Grand Adventure Overview call.  As always, we’re here for you to deliver your next team adventure!

Strengthening Leadership Development – 30%

Wednesday, May 12th, 2010

The following is an email I received from Howard Putman – the former CEO of Southwest Airlines.  I met Howard at a former Wyoming business Conference, one which I am speaking at this year, and his message focused on developing the most imporatant asset in any business – Human Capital.  I communicated with Howard about his story and he gave me the go ahead to pass his story on to you.  Enjoy.

Leadership:   Strengthening Leadership Development
Some months ago, I was invited to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, to speak at a dinner for 120 CEOs and board members. They were all a part of the strategic investment house, called Khazanah, owned by the government of Malaysia.  Over time, they are  privatizing a piece of each of the many companies  they own.  They are called GLC’s (Government Linked Companies) and the government still has the controlling interest.   Khazanah is a very progressive and professional group of experts providing oversight and training for the CEOs, senior management and their boards of directors.  This group of companies produces over 5% of the country’s gross domestic product.  The market capitalization of the group is approx. 30% of the entire stock market.  This has been a major undertaking. 

They want their CEO’s to spend at least 30% of their time developing leaders.  That includes a minimum of one hour per quarter giving personal feedback to all of their direct reports.  They want high potential employees moved into positions to challenge their growth. 

They have designed detailed metrics and programs all included in:  The Orange Book for Management and The Green Book for Boards of Directors.  They focus heavily on their values and culture.  But most of all they focus on the  “importance of human capital.” 
This kind of leadership development needs to be a part of every organization, small, medium and large.  It was most impressive to see people walking their talk.
_____________________________________________ 

Howard Putnam speaks on leadership, change, transformation,  customer service, teams and ethics. The National  Speakers  Association inducted Howard into the CPAE (Council of Peers  Award of Excellence) Speakers Hall of Fame in 2005.  He also is  accredited as a CSP (Certified Speaking Professional). 

He is the former CEO of the highly successful Southwest  Airlines and the first CEO to take a major airline, Braniff  International,  into, through and out of Chapter 11, getting it  flying again  in less than two years.    

Howard authored “The  Winds of Turbulence”.   If you would  like more information on how purchase it go to 
http://www.howardputnam.com/products.asp

To check his  availability as a keynote speaker or seminar  facilitator, go to  http://www.speakersoffice.com or call  SpeakersOffice at   1-760-603-8110. 

Tim

Corporate Volunteer Retreat and the Evolution of Corporate Philanthropy

Saturday, May 8th, 2010

Greetings – My name is Matt Campana and I am thrilled to be contributing my first blog post with Grand Dynamics!  I have been working with Grand Dynamics for quite some time – 1999 in fact was my first introduction to Tim and the gang.  3 years ago I set out to create a “give back” corporate and group retreat program.  What we came up with was our Corporate Volunteer Retreat™ program. (CVR) Through the CVR program we have provided businesses with a platform to give back to the community where participants live, work and play while also improving performance in the workplace.  We do this my associating the lessons learned through volunteering and applying those lessons to current business initiatives.  This is done with facilitated meetings, leadership development, adventure base team building, guest speakers and a myriad of other options.  Additionally we were fortunate enough to have been selected by Denver University to study the merits of our CVR program.  After 18 months of research it was determined that this program is indeed viable and sustainable.

We have compiled lots of data showing that this program has a lasting positive impact on the participants, company and communities involved.  Please contact us to learn more!!

 Yours in Adventure,

Matt

 Matt Campana

President

Corporate Motivation, Inc

Grand Dynamics Midwest Sales Manager

330.524.3047

 

Business’s Social Contract:

Capturing the Corporate

Philanthropy Opportunity

  • The Shifting Social Contract. 84% of corporate executives believe that society expects businesses to take a more active role in environmental, social, and political issues than it did five years ago. Corporate philanthropy is one effective way to meet these new expectations.
  • The Evolution of Corporate Philanthropy. Companies are developing more sophisticated initiatives to address the three levels of their contract with society (laws and regulations, implicit nonlegal expectations, and frontier issues such as obesity or human rights) and employing broader resources for community impact, including volunteerism, product donations, and capacity building.
  • The Complexity of Getting It Right. Fewer than 20% of companies surveyed said their philanthropic efforts were very or extremely effective in meeting social or business goals. To help optimize these efforts, companies must define the focus of philanthropic efforts, gain public recognition for their programs, and allocate appropriate CEO time to philanthropy.
  • Capturing the Corporate Philanthropy Opportunity. Examining the behavior of leading corporate philanthropists uncovered three keys to philanthropic success: deep involvement from the CEO and board of directors, alignment between philanthropic and business strategy, and management of philanthropy as a business investment.

Demonstrating that corporate philanthropy is a business priority even in a strained economic climate, 55 CEOs from many of the world’s largest companies convened on International Corporate Philanthropy Day, February 23, 2009, for CECP’s fourth annual Board of Boards conference to discuss the theme: “Global Leaders: Confronting a Crucial Decision.” Panelists Jeffrey Immelt of GE and Carlos Ghosn of Nissan engaged attendees in a dialogue, moderated by NBC’s Tom Brokaw, on the importance of corporate-community investment today. Key findings include:

2009 Board of Boards Report

  • Elevate and Prioritize the Social Contract. Corporate leaders recognize the interdependency between business and society, and the pressing need to regain public trust. 82% of attendees indicated that philanthropy can help restore trust in the business sector, signaling their belief that corporate giving can support a regenerative cycle in distressed communities.
  • Refocus on Core Strategies. Attending CEOs stated that in the current economic climate, aligning philanthropy with company values, practices and goals is imperative. Conversely, philanthropy conducted in isolation from the rest of the business will fail to deliver optimal social and business benefits.
  • Initiate an Inclusive Dialogue. 80% of participating CEOs consider their employees and customers to be the most important constituencies when crafting giving strategy. However, factors such as government support of threatened industries, stimulus packages, and intensifying public scrutiny are swiftly expanding the number and size of stakeholder groups.
  • Leverage Resources Creatively. The duration and severity of the economic downturn have eclipsed even the worst commonly-held predictions of a year ago. While this will likely have a downward effect on cash contributions, CEOs expressed their will to fill funding gaps to the greatest extent possible.

Alaska Trip Report – Mountain Insights from the Mooses Tooth Climb

Wednesday, May 5th, 2010

Wow,

Here we go.  Every time I get back from an expedition or big trip it takes a while to process just what the whole thing meant and why I did it in the first place. I wrote a blog before I left capturing some of insights and my intention with this is, well, to share some more insights! HA Genius, I know. Let’s have some FUN, shall we?

Alaska - Mooses Tooth - April 2010 - Ham and Eggs

Well, let’s start by putting this into perspective.  The objective that Gary Falk and I set out to achieve was, as you know by now, to climb a mountain called the Mooses Tooth. And yes, I realize there is no apostrophe in Mooses, but apparently that’s just the way you write it :o )  The Mooses Tooth is a classic Alaska “test piece” for those interested in getting a real taste of what it is like to climb in Alaska.  And in particular, there is one way up the mountain, the route, called Ham and Eggs.  John Krakauer, the guy who wrote Into Thin Air, was actually the first person to climb it. He wrote about his adventure in a book called Eiger Dreams (Highly Recommended) and I read that many years ago and began to dream about some day being on an adventure like that.  I wonder what your dream might be? You know, that thing you read or saw or hear about a long time ago that fell into the category of “some day?”  We all have them. This was one of mine.

Ruth Gorge - Tooth Peaks

Ruth Gorge - Tooth Peaks

So back to what makes the objective such a good one. Well, the location for starters. It’s in Alaska Range, the land of ice and snow where climbing most anything just seems improbable to begin with.  And the mountain is very close to Denali relatively speaking.  We could see Denali from Base camp quite clearly although it was about 15 miles away or so.  And let’s be clear from the beginning, I have always been terrified to climb in Alaska because I associated much of the ice climbing with being stuck on a mountain side losing the feeling in my fingers and toes and then having to chop them off because of frostbite.  Let’s just say I didn’t skimp on the footwear for the trip.

 

The climb is located in the middle of an incredible cirque of Mountains called, you guessed it, the Teeth.  The Mooses Tooth is right next to his friend the Bear Tooth, and so on.  You have to fly in on a single prop glacier plane, which only one guy, Paul, can really do safely apparently. So you need to get on Paul’s list on Talkeetna Air Taxi and just the flight in is enough to make most people begin to hyperventilate.  Banking through the mountains and landing on snow that may or may not be covering huge crevasses is a great way to start the excitement of it all. Once you get there the plane leaves and won’t be coming back for ten days.  The satellite phone we had worked when we needed it, but before we went I had no idea how that was all going to work. All I knew was that the plane would show up 10 days later. That’s kind of cool – and kind of freaky.   The nice thing is that because of Paul’s ability to land where no other human would dare, you pretty much can bring all sorts of gear to make the winter camping experience a sweet one.  Yes, we brought a case of beer and it took all day with a cold beer inmy armpit just to drink one. Note to self on that one.

Here is a shot of our base camp. Sweet!Alaska - Mooses Tooth - Base Camp - Ruth Gorge Right smack dab in the middle of somewhere.

And then there’s the climb! To get to the top is no small feat. 

It takes most parties an average of 24 hours up and down, assuming you do it in one continuous push (not sleeping).  It takes so long because the climb is 3000 feet tall! That’s well over TWICE the size of the Empire State Building and THREE times the height of the Eiffel Tower. Yikes.  Check out the route – it goes up the center of the mountain.

Alaska - Mooses Tooth - Ham and Eggs up the center

 

As you climb up the route, you need to employ a multitude of climbing techniques using crampons, double ice axes, climbing in the dark, using all sorts of gear including ice screws, pitons, camelots, nuts, snow pickets – you name it and you probably need to bring it along to ensure that you can protect your progress up the mountain.  And when you get close to the top, here’s the clincher, the summit is guarded by a “wild ridge line” where on one side you have massive cornices (mega chunks of snow and ice that could crack off and fall – taking you with it) and the other you have a sheet drop off and there really is very little way to protect a significant fall, should there be one.  I am reminded of a quote that was on my brother’s wall for years, “Beauty walks a razors edge.  Someday I’ll make it mine.” Todd, YOU are an inspiration to me and the reason I started climbing in the first place. 

Okay then – so how about that for the long-winded intro! So why did I want to go do something like that?  Well, we all have natural progressions that lead us to the next best thing. This was mine. And it was the next best thing that was scary as hell. And one that I knew would push me father than I have ever gone before in the realm of my climbing.  And besides, I can blame it on Gary, because he brought it up!  And as soon as he did, I knew it was going to happen.  It just took me a solid month to feel the fear and realize that I DID have what it takes to PREPARE for what it would take. Which, really, is more than half the battle. And the first step is to commit to the climb.  To commit to the dream of success beyond your wildest dreams. 

So here’s the story…

The Preparation (Recapped – with things I didn’t share before in the other blog post about preparing)

Training and Planning

In summary my training was a 10 week training sequence that combined rock climbing at the climbing gym, strength training at mountain athlete, moderate ski touring (two to three thousand vertical feet), ski mountaineering in the Tetons involving skiing up and climbing mountain peaks (3000 to 5ooo vertical) then skiing down them, cross training combined with swimming, yoga, mountain biking and road biking.  All of these activities designed to increase the aerobic volume and capacity for greater endurance combined with strength.  I focused on hydration and alkalizing my body through nutrition.  I used Alkablast supplements to improve my recovery(Thanks Stu Mittleman!!!) I brushed up on my rescue techniques with Christian Santelices (You rock Christian!)   I established a mid-point benchmark ice-climbing trip for a trial series of ice climbs over several days. This benchmark was a key milestone.  WHY? Prior to committing to this trip I had never led a pitch of vertical ice!  SHHHHH Secret!   Deep down inside I knew I had the capacity, but had yet to have a specific reason to test my limits in this discipline. So that was a bit unnerving and largely why I planned ONE ice climbing trip prior to the climb. And I knew I had to be STRONG. Oh and another thing, I got full committment from those most important to me in family and business.  I loved Will Leggett’s response – Go for it!  That’s why we do what we do anyway. I’m here to step up so I am in full support. Now that’s the kind of business partner we want!  The same went for the rest of those folks close to me – full support. And that was critical for my own psychology of comittment and when things got challenging later.

Experts, Gear and Budget

I called upon experts in the realm of Alaskan Alpine Climbing including Stephen Koch, Jack Tackle, Brian Prax and Christian Santelices for advice and strategy. Gary started and I analyzed and checked off a detailed spreadsheet with all the gear needed and explored all the ways to make this trip low budget!  I borrowed tons of gear (thanks Koch, Prax and Gary!), used skymiles for my trip flights and used my pro-purchase programs through Black Diamond for new Cobra Ice Tools, La Sportiva for the Spantik Boots, and Patagonia for some clutch layers. If anyone is interested in the gear list, feel free to email me. It’s quite extensive.  I can’t say enough about Koch and his support.  It was his response to my very first question of “Hey Koch, I am thinking about climbing the Mooses Tooth in Alaska. Do YOU think I can do it?”  “Hell, Yes Timmy Tim Tim! I am so psyched for you.”  And I know that he knows what I can do. We’ve climbed several ice routes, the North Ridge of the Grand, etc, together.  Anyway – the point?  The Prax Factor!   SURROUND YOURSELF WITH PEOPLE WHO SUPPORT YOUR GOALS AND CHALLENGE YOU TO ACHIEVE NEW HEIGHTS.  And yes, the great Brian Prax did the same thing for me!  You guys rock.

WHAT MOST PEOPLE DON’T KNOW is that just three weeks prior to my trip I had a MAJOR SETBACK.  I was training in Tahoe and the intensity of my workouts hit a peak and I went a bit too far.  The result was some MAJOR back pain. So much that I had doubts of being able to do anything, and certainly not climbing.   It sucked. But I countered the internal blocking with continuous reaffirmation that it was going to be okay.  And Holly kept telling me that it would all work out and be fine.  SHE believed in me even when I started not to.  Now THAT is awesome and THAT is the kind of person you want on your team. THANKS HOLLY!  Amidst all of it, it got to the point where I had to cease all training for about 10 days. I arrived back in Jackson for my final week and I went to Kevin Meehan for some acupuncture.  As always, he jabbed a bunch of needles in my back and worked his magic. And I dare say it was magic. THANKS KEVIN!!!!! The days leading up to the departure I took it fairly easy, relatively speaking, to keep my body recovering while maintaining my fitness.  This scared the hell out of me and I mostly kept it to myself.  I just focused on taking one day at a time, and it worked.   

Anchorage and Seeking True North  Seeking True North?

We met up in Salt Lake and Gary and I’s first interaction was with a bartender in the crown room in Salt Lake. He was making a martini and the entire thing exploded ALL over himself. Hilarious. He laughed at himself, which reminds me of a quote Gary and I would later see in a random Alaska diner, “Blessed are those who can laugh at themselves, for they will never cease to be amused.”  How true. 

We arrived in Anchorage and were lucky to stay with my good friend Lisa Vandergriff. She is a big fan of Seeking True North and Grand Dynamics programs and it was such a treat to have her open her home to Gary and me. (Weeks later I would find myself following her around in the freezing 37 degree ocean, 40 feet down, in a dry suit scuba diving with 2 feet of visability – another story:o)  When I travel I always seek out a way to interact and serve the local community in some fashion. CONTRIBUTION is one of the highest human needs.  This trip it was a Seeking True North seminar.   Perfectly appropriate as in my very own way I was seeking my own True North and wanting to help others do the same.  The majority of the day focused on THE EQUATION: Values plus Beliefs Plus ACTIONS equals a state of mind or being.  It was a powerful day considering all the rules and beliefs that create our emotional state and a perfect way to start the trip. What is most important to you? What are your rules that dictate when you are able to experience that particular thing?   Think about that one for a minute.  Thoughts of the great Erick Erickson were present as Rick and I had nearly came to Alaska twice to launch our original STN seminar. YOU ARE INCREDIBLE MASTER RICK!

We got one ski day in to loosen things up and climb a peak and on the way down, we saw a lynx! Wild, big cat with a square head and stub tail that jumped like 7 feet when it moved across the snow. So cool.

We arrived in Talkeetna where we finally met the infamous Paul – owner and operator of Talkeetna Air Taxi.

Paul - "The Man"

Paul - "The Man"

Paul is “The Man” when it comes to flying and is one of very few that executes the technical glacier landing in the mountains of Alaska.  We weighed everything in and had around 600 pounds of gear for four of us! That included the case of beer :o )  Paul gave us the updated weather report which indicated two days of good weather.  As soon as we heard that Gary and I knew that we were going to go for it immediately. The windows for good Alaska weather can be very small. 

The flight in was amazing and I got lucky to ride shotgun on the way in!  Well maybe it wasn’t luck – I pretty much jumped into the front, but everyone else was kind of standing there. Carpe Momento!

 

 

The Flight

 Entering into the range was quite the experience and I sat there eyes wide and jaw open as I realized that I was actually going to be climbing in those mountains! Paul asked me, “How long has it been?”  I replied, “First Time!”  He replied with a laugh, “What took you so long?”  All could do was laugh, kind of one of those nervous laughs, “Good question, Paul, good question.”   What I was thinking was well maybe the fact that I like my fingers and toes and have always had a fear of losing them on a mountain somewhere.  I let that thought pass quickly and refocused on the beauty of the approaching mountains.   

Alaska Range - View from the flight in - Denali in the background

Alaska Range - View from the flight in - Denali in the background

We carved through the mountain passes, cruises right past the Mooses Tooth and at the last moment banked hard to align for a perfect landing right on the pristine glacier. Incredible.  It was sunny and about 25 degrees at about 4:00. I was in emotional heaven. Total bliss!   The other two guys didn’t seem as psyched as Gary and I, but I tell you we had some good momentum flowing!

We quickly established base camp with all the nuances of winter camping – the cook tent, latrine area where our buckets went, etc…  There was some grumbling about which party was going to climb what. At some point, the other climber in the party asked Gary what his intention was for the next day (as if he didn’t know) and Gary replied strongly, “We’re climbing Ham and Eggs tomorrow.” Period. Done like that. Read about it later. Taking the window of opportunity. Kind of like the front seat of the plane.  Yes, it is true that the other two guys certainly wanted to climb the same route.  Gary and I were so confident that we were going up that next morning that they realized we were going either way. Our confidence overcame their doubt! 

We pre-packed and after our first meal, we laid down to rest before the 3 AM wake up. 

The Climb

We awoke feeling giddy and excited and ready to launch.  It was about Negative 15 degrees or so at 4 AM as we completed our final preparations for heading out. Yes, that’s cold. The first twenty minutes was spent fidgeting with the toe warmers in the boot liners (Gary ended up taking his out after activating them, putting them all the way on, etc…)  Out of the base camp and ten minutes in we realized we forgot to bring the pickets for protecting the steep snow. Oopsy. A few minutes later I tripped on my pant leg with my crampon and fell on my face! HA!  A bit of a spook about falling into a crevasse! Comical actually. That one really “broke the ice” for the climb.  HA HA   I led us to the base of the route up steepening terrain.  I was so excited I nearly scrambled up the first pitch of mixed rock! Gary used good judgment, “We don’t want to get ourselves into one of those “looks easy – really hard” moments to start out the climb.  Agreed.   

Gary on Block lead 1: MIXED pitch to start! Mooses Tooth, Alaska

Gary on Block lead 1: MIXED pitch to start! Mooses Tooth, Alaska

Gary began his first block lead. A “block” refers to the series of pitches or rope-lengths a climber leads in the mountain climbing sequence. A pitch is one rope length, about 200 feet. Climbing on rock with campons and ice tools was awesome. Sparks were flying in the middle of the morning light! The climbing was steep and “in your face” right off the bat.  Wake up call!  We sent it!  The sky filled the morning light with a red hue as the sunrise began to hint at its arrival.

 

 

 

 

Steep Couloir Climbing - Awesome

 

The climb continued up vertical ice steps and up steep couloirs.

We simul-climbed and linked several pitches, which was about 500 feet or so for three pitches rolled into one.

Simul climbing is where both climbers are moving together at once and there are pieces of protection connected to a rope in between the climbers. This is a technique used for increased speed and is safe with the use of a t-block, which is a device that catches the rope where the gear is connected to the rock should the second climber fall.

 

 

Gary led all the way through the crux pitch, Gary Falk on Lead - Steep Ice - Mooses Toothwhich was a bit rotten and thin (great combination!)

As I followed prepared to climb the difficult vertical ice pitch, I decided to go with my thinner “Punisher” cloves which would provide greater dexterity for the technical climbing – bad idea!   I was able to climb the pitch cleanly (without a fall) and as I pulled through the roof at the top my fingers began to go numb from the cold. I knew I had to move fast if I was going to make it!  I finished the pitch and had an episode of “screaming barfies.”  It’s when your hands go numb and as they begin to re-warm the pain is excruciating and the name held true – I wanted to scream and vomit at the same time!  AHHHHH! My mantra for when that happens is from Bruce Lee. I say over and over “It can’t rain every day!” This pain is only temporary. My success will last forever!    

 

My hands thawed just in time for my block lead to begin. THIS was the moment I had been waiting for.   In front of me was a beautiful ice pillar on the inside corner of the mountain couloir.  How are you feeling? Gary asked. “Like a man on a mission.” This was the moment in the climb where it was time to step up. 
STEEP Ice!!! Tim on Lead - Mooses Tooth

STEEP Ice!!! Tim on Lead - Mooses Tooth

Finally it was here!  What an incredible feeling to be stepping up on lead onto an incredible ice pitch in the Alaska Range.  I felt great and styled the lead and even had a little mixed stemming (one foot on the rock face and another on the ice) toward the crux of the pitch.  The corner was so tight that I could only flick my wrist to get purchase with my ice tools. The lead continued up a series of steep snow steps and vertical ice flows which made for incredible climbing.  The gear was mostly ice screws and cams into the rock. I even banged a pin (piton) for one of my anchors.  That was an awesome moment – banging a piton into a rock while snow “spin drifted” all over me. Imagine hammering a metal spike into the rock as you are in the midst someone dumping a pile of snow on you and adding in 20 mile per hour gusts of wind.  Sweet.  The end of my first block I had a long run out up a steep couloir and the pickets would not take.  I got a little sketched as I made my way to the anchor.   I reached to clip the rope very cautiously as I did not want to go for a 200 foot ride! Gary and I had the only “spat” of the climb at that moment as I told him to go screw himself because I was working through a “moment.” These things happen and Gary and I have climbed with each other and are such good friends that moments like that are expected every now and again. And part of climbing is pushing each other through “moments” and that takes different forms at different times.  So be it.  We climbed on!

The temperatures began to break out of the freezing zone and into about plus 10 or so as we made our way up the mountain.  Gary took back over and we continued on up the mountain simul climbing. For food, we would have had some ham, we would have had some ham and eggs, if we had eggs, but we didn’t have either. So we nourished ourselves with nuts, water, peanut butter and honey sandwiches and GU throughout the day.  This was key to keeping the balance we needed for a strong summit push, which soon came. The final headwall was a steep sheet of windpacked snow.     The kind of terrain where it was hard to get a purchase with the ice tools as the picks would just slide right through. The movement was like stepping up two feet and sliding down one. A bit unnerving!  High up on the face the upward progress slowed a bit but Gary was able to dig deep into the steep snow to get an ice screw in as protection between us.  THANK-YOU for that! 

On to the Summit  On to the Summit Ridge! Mooses Tooth

Just before I took over the lead up and onto the summit ridge Gary and I sat and ate and marveled at our surroundings. Denali was off in the distance, the mountain peaks surrounding us were just perfectly awe-inspiring.   There was a distinct lack of wind along the summit ridgeline.  Sunny and windless summit –  that “never happens” apparently.  I remember saying to Gary “If this is what climbing in Alaska is all about, sign me up!”  We got incredibly lucky with the sun and lack of wind.  

 

 

 

Gary on the Final Mooses Tooth Corniced Ridge Line - Awesome

Gary on the Final Mooses Tooth Corniced Ridge Line - Awesome

The ridge line walk came and one the left side was a massive, house sized cornice and on the right was a sheer drop off.  It was extremely difficult to have a belay of any sort and the strategy was for the second climber to jump off the other direction if the leader were to fall.  Spooky!  We made our way up and along the ridge and I came to a section where I literally had to hack my way through a cornice and axe plunge the other side to climb up the vertical section. Breakthrough – literally!

The final corniced ridge was quite impressive. You can see the picture. Wow.

 

 

 

Summit Shot - Mooses Tooth - Gary Falk and Tim Walther

 

At the summit a total feeling of elation came over us. 

I had always thought about how I would feel to complete a climb like this. 

The dream had become a reality!!!!

Of course there’s more to the story, but I’ll tighten it up.  We made it down through a series of “dead man” rappels, one ice screw, about 6 pitons and extra back up webbing anchors. We made steady progress and only started getting mildly cranky when the anchors kept running out at the bottom off the route!  Gary did a great job going first practicing his craft of building rap anchors for guiding.  We worked as a team and made efficient progress.  By the time we made it back down, we both actually felt pretty great.  “Adventure Fuerte” and tomorrow… we celebrate!

What I learned

Choose the mountain: Climbing any mountain first begins by choosing a mountain!  I choose a big goal to challenge and inspire me. It challenged me and took my life to new heights. i accomplished things I didn’t know that I could. 

Commit to the climb: Once I decided, I stepped into the climb with confidence and moved forward and trained with an expectation that I would be successful. This gave me confidence and competence on my climb up mastery mountain.

Training: The process of the preparation was 80 percent of the battle. I planned it and did it by associating lots of pain (ie: Falling off a Cliffside, letting down Gary, not having the capacity to do the climb) to not working out and being prepared. I created a vision of success and that got me up to train those extra hours!

Find the Cairns: I created benchmarks for myself as I navigated the big goal. This gave me an intermediary objective and reinforced that what i was doing was on track. 

Teamwork: I had the right partner for the climb. Gary certainly had the technical skill sets necessary to support me on the climb and he committed to train and be prepared as much as I did. He had patience with me and helped me to focus on efficiency. His attitude was great and aligned with mine. The right partner actually made the process fun! 

The law of positive intent:  I was reminded to always keep in mind that Gary is always doing the best he can while leading and climbing. And of course that goes to say that each partner must give their all.   And “reminders” were always taken in good faith.

Use the right gear:  When it comes to personal well being, in any pursuit, I don’t skimp on cheap gear.  Period.  As Yvonne Chouinard said, “The poor can’t afford cheap gear.” Agree. This kept my feet warm and I was prepared for the climb.

Go light:  I kept the pack to a minimum as every once counts!  But don’t forget extra gloves!

I maintained a positive mental attitude to “Go for It” and a belief system that said even though I haven’t done this before, I CAN do it!

Use the tools of teamwork to communicate effectively.  The tools are only good if they are used.  Magic Statement. Managing Expectations Quadrant.  All of the Seeking True North concepts. Use them!  Gary and I did much of this, however, I could have been better with communication with the rest of the group who were on our expedition together. It turns out that the other two guys had a different idea about hat kind of a trip they wanted and their expectations. Althought I did remember that no matter how negative someone else’s attitude is, I am always in control of how i respond to any given situation. 

Thanks again to all who have and continue to support the journey. There are lots of details about the rest of the trip, but I’ll save those details for later.  When you’re ready to join Grand Dynamics for some action and adventure, send me an email.  Our experiential programs are awesome.  I’ll be climbing the Grand with Gary this summer and you’re all invited to join our Grand Adventure!

I hope you have enjoyed my story and I wish you strength and courage as you enjoy seeking your own True North. Let me know what you think.

And as always… LIVE YOUR ADVENTURE!  TIM WALTHER